Bacillus subtilis Effects on Growth Performance and Health Status of Totoaba macdonaldi Fed with High Levels of Soy Protein Concentrate.

T. macdonaldi is a carnivorous species endemic to the Gulf of California. Indiscriminate exploitation has put totoaba at risk, inducing the development of aquaculture procedures to grow it without affecting the wild population. However, aquafeeds increasing cost and low yields obtained with commercial feeds have motivated researchers to look for more nutritious and cheaper alternatives. Soybean (SB) is the most popular alternative to fishmeal (FM); however, antinutritional factors limit its use in carnivorous species. In this study, we analyzed B. subtilis 9b probiotic capacity to improve growth performance and health status of T. macdonaldi fed with formulations containing 30% and 60% substitution of fish meal with soy protein concentrate (SPC). In addition, we investigated its effect on internal organs condition, their capacity to modulate the intestinal microbiota, and to boost the immunological response of T. macdonaldi against V. harveyi infections. In this sense, we found that T. macdonaldi fed with SPC30Pro diet supplemented with B. subtilis 9b strain and 30% SPC produced better results than SPC30C control diet without B. subtilis and DCML commercial diet. Additionally, animals fed with SPC60Pro diet supplemented with B. subtilis 9b strain and 60% SPC doubled their weight and produced 20% more survival than SPC60C control diet without B. subtilis. Thus, B. subtilis 9b improved T. macdonaldi growth performance, health status, modulated intestinal microbiota, and increased animal's resistance to V. harveyi infections, placing this bacterium as an excellent candidate to produce functional feeds with high levels of SPC.

Bacteriocin Production by Bacillus Species: Isolation, Characterization, and Application.

Antibiotic resistance is a problem that has been increasing lately; therefore, it is important to find new alternatives to treat infections induced by pathogens that cannot be eliminated with available products. Small antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) known as bacteriocin could be an alternative to antibiotics because they have shown to be effective against a great number of multidrug-resistant microbes. In addition to its high specificity against microbial pathogens and its low cytotoxicity against human cells, most bacteriocin present tolerance to enzyme degradation and stability to temperature and pH alterations. Bacteriocins are small peptides with a great diversity of structures and functions; however, their mechanisms of action are still not well understood. In this review, bacteriocin produced by Bacillus species will be described, especially its mechanisms of action, culture conditions used to improve its production and state-of-the-art methodologies applied to identify them. Bacteriocin utilization as food preservatives and as new molecules to treat cancer also will be discussed.

"Haptics On-Demand": A Survey on Encountered-Type Haptic Displays.

Encountered-Type Haptic Displays (ETHDs) provide haptic feedback by positioning a tangible surface for the user to encounter. This permits users to freely eliciting haptic feedback with a surface during a virtual simulation. ETHDs differ from most of current haptic devices which rely on an actuator always in contact with the user. This article intends to describe and analyze the different research efforts carried out in this field. In addition, this article analyzes ETHD literature concerning definitions, history, hardware, haptic perception processes involved, interactions and applications. The paper proposes a formal definition of ETHDs, a taxonomy for classifying hardware types, and an analysis of haptic feedback used in literature. Taken together the overview of this survey intends to encourage future work in the ETHD field.

ENTROPiA: Towards Infinite Surface Haptic Displays in Virtual Reality Using Encountered-Type Rotating Props.

In this article, we propose an approach towards an infinite surface haptic display. Our approach, named ENcountered-Type ROtating Prop Approach (ENTROPiA) is based on a cylindrical spinning prop attached to a robot's end-effector serving as an encountered-type haptic display (ETHD). This type of haptic display permits the users to have an unconstrained, free-hand contact with a surface being provided by a robotic device for the users' to encounter a surface to be touched. In our approach, the sensation of touching a virtual surface is given by an interaction technique that couples with the sliding movement of the prop under the users' finger by tracking their hand location and establishing a path to be explored. This approach enables large motion for a larger surface rendering, permits to render multi-textured haptic feedback, and leverages the ETHD approach introducing large motion and sliding/friction sensations. As a part of our contribution, a proof of concept was designed for illustrating our approach. A user study was conducted to assess the perception of our approach showing a significant performance for rendering the sensation of touching a large flat surface. Our approach could be used to render large haptic surfaces in applications such as rapid prototyping for automobile design.

Prevention of low bone mass to achieve high bone density in Mexico: position of the Mexican Association for Bone and Mineral Metabolism.

In Mexico, osteoporosis is a public health problem. In this document, the Mexican Association for Bone and Mineral Metabolism defines its position on calcium, vitamin D supplement use, and physical activity as an effective, safe, and cost-effective initiatives to prevent low bone mass. INTRODUCTION: In Mexico, osteoporosis is a public health problem that is expected to increase in the decades ahead. Generally, modifiable risk factors for bone health are related with lifestyles, especially nutrition and physical activity. METHODS: In this position paper, the Mexican Association for Bone and Mineral Metabolism (AMMOM, by its acronym in Spanish), which is a multidisciplinary group of researchers, dietitians, epidemiologists, nurses, and physicians who study bone and related tissues and communicate the best strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bone problems, aims to analyze the association between nutrition and bone health, risk behaviors for low bone mass, and the economic impact that prevention of low bone mass represents for the health care system. RESULTS: Addressing therapeutic management with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, we emphasize the important role the patient plays in the doctor-patient relationship, both in the consulting room and in daily life. Furthermore, the AMMOM defines its position on calcium and vitamin D supplement use as an effective, safe, and cost-effective initiative to prevent low bone mass. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, most research and clinical practice related to osteoporosis have focused on diagnosis and treatment, but general measures for primary prevention based on addressing modifiable risk factors as a public health priority to delay the onset of loss of bone mass have not been considered by Mexican authorities. Consequently, the AMMOM task force also seeks to provide information on concrete actions to prevent low bone mass.

Adenoma de paratiroides / Parathyroid adenoma

El presente trabajo analiza una de las patologías mas frecuentes de las glándulas paratiroides: el adenoma. Se hace una revisión en cuanto a sus características generales, hallazgos histopatológicos, diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico. Luego presentamos un caso clínico tratado en nuestro servicio

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de los nódulos tiroideos / Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules

La presente revisión corresponde a una actualización del diagnóstico y tratamiento de los nódulos tiroideos, orientada principalmente hacia el cáncer del tiroides. Se analizan los diferentes tipos de cáncer, su incidencia, factores pronósticos y procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos

Hábitos musicales de la juventud y daño auditivo / Musical habits in youth and hearing damage

Se efectuaron diversas investigaciones con el fin de determinar la presencia de daño auditivo en relación a la exposición a música ambiental en jóvenes y músicos profesionales, las que comprendieron: a) encuesta sobre los hábitos de audición musical. b) mediciones de intensidad sonora de Personal Stereos y lugares donde se escucha música a gran volúmen. c) estudios de fatiga auditiva durante la utilización normal de Personal Stereo. d) evaluación audiométrica a una población de jóvenes y a otra de músicos profesionales. Los resultados sugieren que existe un daño auditivo pesquisable en jóvenes al compararlos con las curvas normales para su edad y tanto la encuesta de hábitos de audición como las mediciones técnicas efectuadas en las fuentes sonoras y el estudio de fatiga auditiva, podrían explicar este deterioro. Igualmente se pesquisaron signos de daño auditivo en músicos profesionales

Tratamiento del mucocele frontal mediante marsupialización / Frontal mucocele treatment by marsupialization

Los autores presentan su experiencia de un tratamiento quirúrgico conservador del mucocele frontal en un período de cuatro años. Se describe la técnica quirúrgica de la marsupialización del seno frontal y sus ventajas estéticas. Se discute y compara con otras técnicas más radicales. Esta es una técnica simple con excelentes resultados cosméticos y un período post operatorio breve y buena tolerancia

Evaluación del tratamiento quirúrgico del papiloma invertido de fosas nasales y cavidades paranasales / Evaluation of surgical treatment of the inverting papilloma of nasal and paranasal cavities

Los papilomas schneiderianos son tumores poco frecuentes que aparecen en las fosas nasales y cavidades paranasales. Ellos están clasificados en tres tipos histológicos: papilomas invertidos, fungiformes y de células cilíndricas. Son considerados como intermedios por su conducta agresiva. Invaden a través de extensión local y tiene una importante tendencia a recidivar. Pueden aparecer en osociación con malignidad. En su etiología se asume corrientemente un rol viral. Se confeccionó un protocolo prospectivo para el manejo del papiloma nasal en el Hospital Van Buren de Valparaíso. Trece pacientes fueron tratados en un período de 5 años: Cinco de ellos fueron operados por una rinotomía lateral y ocho por una técnica de Denker. Ambos abordajes permitieron una resección satisfactoria del tumor y tuvieron un control similar de la enfermedad. En esta serie hubo un caso de recurrencia y ninguno de malignidad. Se hace hincapié en los principios básicos del tratamiento como son: Biopsia previa a la cirugía, uso de tomografía axial computarizada (TAC), abordaje quirúrgico amplio, y la necesidad de someter cualquier tejido tomado de la fosa nasal a examen histopatológico a pesar de su aparente aspecto benigno